Tuesday 4 October 2011

Exercise: Chapter 1-2

1. What are cross-functional business processes? Give an example.
2. Describe the connection between organizations, information systems, and business processes?

71 comments:

  1. 1.Show the relationship between a business process and the functional units (example= account department) responsible for the process.

    2. To smooth the business process and to identify how much expenses we use for our business and firm.

    Shaqdhatul, KK1190338

    ReplyDelete
  2. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  3. 1. A systems that support the business function of marketing, production/operating, accounting, finance and human resource management through a variety of a business operational. Example, an order fulfillment.

    2. Helps organization achieve greater efficiencies by automating parts of the business process.

    Noorfazila (KK0910197)

    ReplyDelete
  4. 1. A system management assembling and connecting the all unit in organization, make it run wit smoothly. Example decision making produce new product.
    2. organization use the information system which involve three activities input, get the data than processing to meaningful form and produce output as a result from the activities.
    FAZILLAH (KK0970095)

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  5. 1, Cross-functional business processes are the work flows of material,information,knowledge,and sets of activities that tied to functional area. Example in the finance and accounting functional area the processes will be paying creditors and managing accounts.
    2, Information systems can automate many steps in business processes and also can change the flows of information while business processes help organization organize,coordinate and focus its works flows to produce products and services.

    RITA(KK1160369)

    ReplyDelete
  6. 1.shows a connection of business process between different levels of organizational units to accomplish a task. Example, identifying customers.
    2.Organizations use information systems to enhance business process to be more efficient and effective.
    Maria(kk0970093)

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  7. 1.Is processes are processes dedicated to the specific function of an organization which the process that normaly cross several funtional areas in organization.Example sales order processing.
    2.Actually the three thing work in the same/one process which is organization will using the information system (data/input) for making a product(outpu)through business process and the better business process will bring competitive advantages for the organization..
    lianah (kk1010029)

    ReplyDelete
  8. 1. the cross-functional business processes is It shows how control of the process passes from the person initiating the purchase. example Purchasing Dept. and then to the Supplier
    2. relationship between organisation, information system, and Organisasi business process and the members using knowledge to adjust themselves with change which occurred in environment to proffer resilience and competition advantage to businesses
    mohd jamzala (KK1160103)

    ReplyDelete
  9. 1. A process that consists of more than one organizational unit or function, that been done before selling a product. example,order fulfillment process.

    2. These three has a mutual influence on each other, information systems must be aligned with the organization to provide information needed, so that they can come out with a strategic and efficient business process.

    Stepheny (KK0870048)

    ReplyDelete
  10. 1. Process involving several upper level department to use to rate their internal targets, examples, account and finance use to reporting their business activities
    2. Information systems provide information for the organization's need to plan for an effective business processes

    Adeor Tan (KK0870025)

    ReplyDelete
  11. 1.Most companies are organized by business unit of function. A cross functional business process is a process that touches several different functions or processes. Examples might be payroll, merit review process, purchasing, etc.

    2.The relationship between organization,information and business process is to make business process become effective.
    -MOHD SYUKRI(KK0970102)-

    ReplyDelete
  12. 1. A business process that crosses over multiple function. Example: Order-fulfillment process

    2. Information systems enhance business process by increasing the efficiency of existing process (automating them) and organization use the information system to determine which processes that may be needed to be changed.

    Anizah KK0910192

    ReplyDelete
  13. 1. A process that involve more than one organizational unit. Example: sales, accounting, manufacturing and production.

    2. information system provides information that the organization needed in order to prepare new strategic plan for the business process and enhance the effectiveness of the business process.

    Chin MC (KK0870049)

    ReplyDelete
  14. 1. cross-functional business processes is a process that includes different types of departments, involving the people who really affect the customer from start to end. For example, sales and marketing.
    2. The connection of information systems within an organization is determined by
    degree of impact on information systems on current business operations to increase efficiency of existing processes.

    ReplyDelete
  15. 1. Enables a company to success-fully corparate business practices with strategy objectives across the entire organization.

    2. Department which may be organized along one of several different lines.

    mariel gilaine
    KK1190524

    ReplyDelete
  16. 1.business process is a series of steps designed to produce a product or service. it's like a hierarchy or chain which it's related with each other process.

    2.organizations, information systems, and business processes is respectively have certain function which make an organization more success.

    Doss
    KK1110378

    ReplyDelete
  17. 1)Transcend boundary between sales,marketing,manufacturing,and research and development.Example: Order fulfillment process.
    2)Business process is supporting from information system to achieving business goals of an organization with a higher value in the corporate context.
    Heslinah Rohil (KK0970693)

    ReplyDelete
  18. 1. Cross-functional comprises a set of sequential sub-processes or tasks, with alternative paths depending on certain conditions as applicable, performed to achieve a given objective or produce given outputs. It often can be visualized with a flowchart as a sequence of activities. For example, Sales and marketing are responsibility in identifying customer.
    2. The relationship between organization, information and business process is to make achieve organization efficiencies, gained through a common set of business processes and supporting information systems, and satisfy the needs of different market segments and business units.

    CRESSIMA (KK0950086)

    ReplyDelete
  19. 1. Cross-functional business processes is about the set of activities for example, in functional business process have manufacturing and production,marketing,finance and human resource that can be support all business process .

    2. the connection between organizations, information systems, and business processes, for example when an organization use information system can offer effective management to doing any business process

    AISAH (KK0910298)

    ReplyDelete
  20. 1.The cross-functional business processes is a process system that support that consists of more than one organization or function that done before selling a product. For example is fulfillment process.

    2. The connection between organizations, information system and business processes is in order to prepare new strategic plan and enhance the effectiveness of the business process.

    KASMA(KK0950381)

    ReplyDelete
  21. 1.The cross-functional is a process in which a number of different people,departments or functional area that involved in process the data and product such as manufacturing and production department.
    2.organization is one formal social structure that takes resources from environment and using information system to process the product or resources using cross-functional business process.

    Sicca KK0910470

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  22. 1)A system that assists and facilitates the marketing system, production and financial operations to meet any type of business operation.for example like supply or financial account.
    2)The relationship between organizations, information systems and business processes is in terms of production, processing.there a facilitate all forms of process in this system to produce a product a more creative and better..

    Wilson (KK0970056)

    ReplyDelete
  23. 1) the integration of tasks into a functional process or in other words, a process that consist of more than one task before the whole process is function. For example, to place an order with a raw material supplier, someone from inventory would have to fill out a form that would go to the accounting department that would then go to record-keeping. Three functions were involved in this process.©

    2) The connection are the business process help an organization organize, coordinate and focus its workflows to produce products/services while information system can automate many steps in business processes.©

    henry (KK0910291)

    ReplyDelete
  24. 1)The functional business processes is a collocation of related, structured activities or tasks that produce a specific service for example accounting call center and technical support

    2)Business processes depend on the information technology to complete many organization tasks. Information system of an organization is a combination of technologies and activities that support the organizational processes

    mazlan(KK0950441)

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  25. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  26. 1)The cross-functional process is transcend boundary between
    sales,marketing,manufacturing,and research and development.Example: Order fulfillment process in business world.
    2)the connection between organization, information system and business process is can achieve better results and also reduce cost by avoiding duplication in process improving productivity.

    (LYNDIANA KK0950076)

    ReplyDelete
  27. MIZ PIJA KK0910420
    1. Is a tool used to identify and analyze
    problems and opportunities. It displays all the workers that contribute to a process,
    even though they may work in different departments
    and apply different types and levels of skills.A business process or business method is a collection of related, structured activities or tasks that produce a specific service or product (serve a particular goal) for a particular customer or customers. It often can be visualized with a flowchart as a sequence of activities.(example,giant and servay supermarket)
    2.These three has a mutual influence on each other, information systems must be aligned with the organization to provide information needed, so that they can come out with a strategic and efficient business process.

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  28. 1.Is workflow of material,knowledge,information by companies.Then sets activities and steps to companies.Example,sales and marketing,manufacturing and production.

    2.organization, information systems and business processes interconnected.In organization, information systems facilitate the organization carried out more smoothly.In connection with that, it affects a business process to be able to achieve a quality product and high quality in the market.

    (SANTI BINTI NAWE KK0970171)

    ReplyDelete
  29. 1. What are cross-functional business processes? Give an example
    answer= the cross-functional business processes is that connect or tied all organization departmart to make the smooth flow of management and to achieve the set of goal. The example of fuctional business processes is manufacturing and production and sales and marketing. this department important in production like NESTLE Corp Inc to make product comsumer demand and have a long term relationship of profitable between consumer and manafacture.

    2. Describe the connection between organizations, information systems, and business processes?
    answer= 2. the three thing work in together on one process which is organization will using the information system as data or input for produce of product that the product is the output through business process and the result will be affect the competitive advantages for the organization in make sense of fulfill the comsumer need and wants...

    Samrul(KK1190486)

    ReplyDelete
  30. 1. A process which links certain departments to analyze and identify problems or troubleshoots for better business solutions. It is also a way for improvement and finding opportunity. Example, marketing strategies.

    2. Organizations, information systems and business process rely on each other to produce better output. Organizations refer to information systems on generating ideas (input). The output (product) will be hand over to business process for the responsibilities of selling it. Great performance of the group will results in greater production.

    Bryan Oliver KK0910171

    ReplyDelete
  31. 1.Cross functional business process is a process that shows the process and responsible department,example-marketing department is responsible for the marketing process.
    2.Organization use the information system to do business process more efficient for a better business and compete with others.

    lawrence KK1160725

    ReplyDelete
  32. 1.work activities or workflow that produce result meaningful to an internal or external customer, its to achieve cross organization efficiencies, gained through a common set of business process and supporting information system.
    Example - Manufacturing and production, Sales Marketing, Finance and accounting,and Human resources....and the Order Fulfillment process

    2.Information technology enhances organization and business process by increasing efficiency of existing new processes that are capable of transforming the business by change flow of information data from every level of department.


    HELFIE ZAN (KK1110022)

    ReplyDelete
  33. cross-functional is a business process consist of, workflows of material, information, knowledge, sets of activities and it may be tied to functional area.in my opinion it is a business process in a more complex way where business's systems are combine to do all the process needed. for example manufacturing and production.



    the connection between organization, information system and business process is an organization of employees or data is needed to conclude or simplify an information system so that a business process can run smoothly

    by kk1110258

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  34. 1.The cross-functional business processes is a process involving certain departments to coordinating and building a better system for achieving such goals which all the business process begins from mission and objectives. For example;advertising and marketing strategies.


    2. Information system provided data or information needed by important groups within the organization to guide and make sure that all the business planning and activities are moving on the right track in order to achieve production, quality and good customer service among many others.

    Nurul Afiqah Abdullah KK1110313

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  35. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  36. 1. A process that consists of more than one organizational unit or function, that been done before selling a product. eg,order fulfillment process. It is also, A process which links certain departments to analyze and identify problems or troubleshoots for better business solutions. It is also a way for improvement and finding opportunity. Example, marketing strategies.

    2. Organizations, information systems and business process rely on each other to produce better output. Organizations refer to information systems on generating ideas (input). The output (product) will be hand over to business process for the responsibilities of selling it. Great performance of the group will results in greater production.

    Jejed KK1090465

    ReplyDelete
  37. 1. A cross-functional business is a group of people with different functional expertise working toward a common goal. This makes individuals mutually responsible for their actions, performance and outcomes. It may include people from finance, marketing, operations, and human resources departments.

    2. It promotes business process enables organizations to be more efficient, more effective, and integration with technology. Controlled and efficient information system function, collect, process, store, and distribute information is an essential part of any business.

    Jerry (KK1190463)

    ReplyDelete
  38. 1. The cross-functional business processes is about process system, tahat have many organization more than one at once processes and each of the organization has own function to make some product, before the product to be sell in the market.For the example is manufacturing and production

    2. Three of these processes has connection each other before making some product. The Organization has connection with information system when the firm needs resources to develop thier product or make new product. Then connection between information system and business processes we can see when the firm started to distribute the new product. There, the firm used the information from information system to making the product.

    KK1160221
    Fahmi

    ReplyDelete
  39. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  40. 1) A systems that support the business function of marketing, production/operating, accounting, finance and human resource management through a variety of a business operational. Example, an order fulfillment.

    2) organization, information systems and business processes interconnected.In organization, information systems facilitate the organization carried out more smoothly.In connection with that, it affects a business process to be able to achieve a quality product and high quality in the market.

    kk0870241
    -Malvin Prance

    ReplyDelete
  41. 1. Cross-functional processes are referring to the things that have to be done before selling a product or service to the consumer.For example production,marketing,pricing and distribution.

    2. These three elements are connected because it is essential in helping us to run our business much more smoothly,increasing the efficiency and help us in transforming our business.

    Hain Marsal
    kk1190480

    ReplyDelete
  42. 1)A business process that crosses over
    multiple functions.Example,Channel Selection Process within Marketing function

    2)It promotes business effectiveness and efficiency while striving for innovation, flexibility,and integration with technology

    asyurah(KK1080748)

    ReplyDelete
  43. functional busines proces is difrent stage of proces in busines that contain in manufacturing and production,sales and marketing, finance and accounting, and human resource that most important to be run smoothly and efectively to make sure the succesful of some busines exampe find profit or loss in busines.

    organization need information system to make sure the efficiency and affectively in collect data,arrange and etc, while this stage will contribute to transforming the busines process that can result in correct and smooth on the business running to achieve excelent performance

    sarul(KK1110060)

    ReplyDelete
  44. 1) Cross-functional business processes involves activities within many business departments. It involves people with different functions and different skills and all are contributing to the same process that is serving the same customer. For example production team.

    2) Information systems support the organization thus it's business processes. All the systems make the business flow. Therefore it is easier for the business process to be conducted and contribute to a more successful organization.

    T-ra (KK1050425)

    ReplyDelete
  45. Q1) Cross functional busniess process use in organization to determine the organization have fullfillment process to achieve the organization goal in busniess, for example,production,pricing,marketing and manufacturing.

    Q2)their connection is In organization information system, their have step to follow to determine the busniess process are perfect from TPS,MIS,DSS and ESS.

    laila kk0950327

    ReplyDelete
  46. 1) A systems that support the business function of marketing, production/operating, accounting, finance and human resource management through a variety of a business operational. Example, an order fulfillment.

    2) organization, information systems and business processes interconnected.In organization, information systems facilitate the organization carried out more smoothly.In connection with that, it affects a business process to be able to achieve a quality product and high quality in the market.

    ReplyDelete
  47. Dear sir Kit, I post this answer by behalf my friend which is not have blog:

    Cross functional processes is to show the relationship between a business process and the functional unit such as department responsible for that process: finance, human resource and marketing department.

    A capital resources of an organization that responsible for collecting and processing data to produce useful information so that the organization will be more effective and efficient with smoothly.

    Nor Afiqah Adelin, KK1190468

    ReplyDelete
  48. This comment has been removed by the author.

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  49. 1.A cross functional process is the process that consist the people on different functional in organizations. It show the responsibility of the department,when to done and where to done towards the organizations goal. For example, human resource department.

    2.A social unit of people, systematically structured and managed to meet a need or to pursue collective goals on a continuing basis. Then,an information system(IS) is typically considered to be a set of interrelated elements or components that collect(input), manipulate(processes), and disseminate (output) data and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective. Lastly,a business process is an activity or set of activities that will accomplish a specific organizational goal.

    kk0970520

    ReplyDelete
  50. 1. cross functional processes is a system that support the business function and show how an organizational really work. cross functional process involve many department to achieve their goal. for example, manufacturing, financial, marketing and human resource department.

    2.the connection between organization, information system and business processes is to smooth the business process and to achieve the organization goal to become more effective and efficacy.

    jacquelyne ( KK0970046

    ReplyDelete
  51. "~Sherrie~" , "peeja" and "yunikk0850062",
    Pls insert your matric no. so that I can know who you are. Tks.

    ReplyDelete
  52. HANAFIAH EDDY CHONG JUNAIRI(KK0870069)

    Q1) A cross-functional is a system that is used between two or more departments within a company. Cross-functional systems solve many problems caused by functional systems. For example in an organization, there are many department. each department had different need. so to support the need each department has to cooperate to make sure the need are solve.

    Q2)the connection between organizations, information systems, and business processes are each organization want to achieve some goal for their organization. so, to achieve this goal information system are one of the requirement in the organization. in the information system, it will organize all the information. this information will for business process. so business process will lead whether the organization goal are achieve or not.

    ReplyDelete
  53. SYARIFAH MAIMUNAH, KK 1160 372

    Q(1)
    - Cross-functional business processes are the work flows of material,information,knowledge,and sets of activities that tied to functional area. In which it has its relationship between a business process and the functional units for instance departments that responsible for that process.

    Q(2)
    - Information systems and organizations have a mutual influence on each other. On the other hand, information systems must be aligned with the organization to provide information needed by important groups within the organization. At the same time, the organization must be aware of and must open itself to the influences of information systems to benefit from new technologies. Information systems affect organizations necessarily affect the design of systems.

    ReplyDelete
  54. NATASYAH ELZA BINTI RAIZUL (KK1080743)

    1) Cross-functional business processes are the work flows of material, information, knowledge and sets of activities that tied to functional area. Example in the finance and accounting functional area the processes will be paying creditors.

    2) Three of these processes has connection each other before making same product. The organisation has connection with information system when the firm needs resources to develop their products or make new products. Then the connection between information system and business processes we can see when the firm started to distribute the new products. Therefore, the firm used the information from information system to making the products.

    ReplyDelete
  55. FREDELIA FREDOLEN (KK 1190292)

    Question 1 :
    Cross functional business process is the way a business organizes its work flows, the method it uses to accomplish tasks, and the way it coordinates its activities among employees, customers and suppliers determines its business process. for example sales and marketing functional area, the process is to help the firm to identify customers.

    Question 2 :
    the connection between organization, information system and business process is to help distinguish between the type of function each one is designed to accomplish and to fit them all together.

    ReplyDelete
  56. 1.Is a tool used to identify and analyze
    problems and opportunities. It displays all the workers that contribute to a process,
    even though they may work in different departments
    and apply different types and levels of skills.(example,giant ang survay supermarket)
    2.These three things, allows an business organization to produce quality products with more effective. The organization requires information systems to produce a business prodak and also requires the business process to process each product produced by the information obtained.

    Sherrie Kellin
    KK0870090

    ReplyDelete
  57. Question 1
    A process regularly can, but not necessarily must, span several functions.

    Question 2
    Business processes are used in Information Systems to create, store and process datas that is finally useful to the Organization.

    Pheona Lezandra
    KK0971094

    ReplyDelete
  58. Question 1
    Cross-functional business is a work-flows of material, information and knowledge. For example,manufacturing and production, sales and marketing, finance and accounting and human resource. Every of that department is connected each other in an organization.

    Question 2
    Organization is stable, formal social structure that takes resources from environment and process them to produce output. Every department in an organization including business process have many information system to manage. To make sure that the data from every department is secure and not lost, an organization must have information system to manage the data and information.

    YAP JAY HEN
    KK0970245

    ReplyDelete
  59. QUESTION 1
    What are cross-functional business processes? Give an example.
    The cross-functional business process refers to the the work flows of material,information,knowledge,and sets of activities that tied to functional area.
    the example is finance department.
    QUESTION 2
    Describe the connection between organizations, information systems, and business processes?
    Actually these three is same process that is to help the organization to be more effective and efficient.
    Abdul Saleh Bin Osman (KK1160504)

    ReplyDelete
  60. Q1. A process that consists of more than one organizational unit or function, that been done before selling a product. For an example, manufacturing, financial, marketing and human resource department.

    Q2..The connection between organization, information system and business processes is to smooth the business process and to achieve the organization goal to become more effective and efficacy.
    MOHD.ASLAM (KK1160758)

    ReplyDelete
  61. question1
    A systems that support the business function of marketing, production/operating, accounting, finance and human resource management through a variety of a business operational. Example, an order fulfillment.
    question 2
    help distinguish between the type of function each one is designed to accomplish and to fit them all together.
    mohd raffly (kk1050362)

    ReplyDelete
  62. Question 1

    A business process or business method is a collection of related, structured activities or tasks that produce a specific service or product (serve a particular goal) for a particular customer or customers. It often can be visualized with a flowchart as a sequence of activities.


    Question 2

    The connection between organization, information system and business processes is to
    provide information needed by important groups within the organization.


    NURUL IFFAH GHULAM (KK1190218)

    ReplyDelete
  63. Question(1)

    Cross functional processes is to show the relationship between a business process and the functional unit such as department responsible for that process such as finance, human resource and marketing department.

    Question(2)

    Information systems and organizations have a mutual influence on each other. On the other hand, information systems must be aligned with the organization to provide information needed by important groups within the organization. At the same time, the organization must be aware of and must open itself to the influences of information systems to benefit from new technologies.These include the organization's structure, standard operating procedures, politics, culture, surrounding environment, and management decisions. A business process is a collection of related, structured activities or tasks that produce a specific service or product for a particular customer or customers. It often can be visualized with a flowchart as a sequence of activities.

    Akmal Syafiq (KK1190304)

    ReplyDelete
  64. NELSON ANDREA DIC (KK1190285)


    1,Cross-functional business processes is a process in which a number of different people, departments, or functional areas are involved to achieve a target in an organization and firm.
    2,It helps the organization to connect with each so that the organization will be working together smoothly. As an e.g. Information systems must be aligned with the organization to provide information needed by important groups within the organization.

    ReplyDelete
  65. This comment has been removed by the author.

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  66. 1. Describe are Cross-functional business processes give an example.
    Business processes is a workflows of material, information and knowledge. Besides, business processes a set of activities or step may be to tied to functional area or be cross-functional.
    Example, manufacturing and production (assembling the product), sales and marketing (identifying customers), finance and accounting (creating financial statement) and human resources (hiring employees)

    2. Describe the connection between organization, information system and business processes.
    In technical definition organization is a stable, formal social structure that takes resources from environment and processes them to produce outputs. A formal legal entity with internal rules and procedures, as well as a social structure. In behavioral definition organization a collection of right, privileges, obligation and responsibilities that is delicately balanced over a period of time through conflict and conflict resolution.
    Information system is a set of interrelated component that collect, process, store and distribute information. Information system also supports decision making, coordination and control.
    Meanwhile, business processes is a workflow of material, information and knowledge. Business processes a set of activities or step may be to tied to functional area or be cross-functional.
    The connection between organization, information system and business processes is information system is usually using in organization. Meanwhile organization is using in business processes.


    siti dirwana binti diming
    KK0870140

    ReplyDelete
  67. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  68. 1. Business processes are workflows of material, information and knowledge. Besides, business processes a set of activities or step may be to tied to functional area or be cross-functional. Example, manufacturing and production (assembling the product), sales and marketing (identifying customers), finance and accounting (creating financial statement) and human resources (hiring employees)

    2. In technical definition organization is a stable, formal social structure that takes resources from environment and processes them to produce outputs. A formal legal entity with internal rules and procedures, as well as a social structure. In behavioral definition organization a collection of right, privileges, obligation and responsibilities that is delicately balanced over a period of time through conflict and conflict resolution.
    Information system is a set of interrelated component that collect, process, store and distribute information. Information system also supports decision making, coordination and control. Meanwhile, business processes is a workflow of material, information and knowledge. Business processes a set of activities or step may be to tied to functional area or be cross-functional. The connection between organization, information system and business processes is information system is usually using in organization. Meanwhile organization is using in business processes.

    fahdila hassan(kk0910399)

    ReplyDelete
  69. 1. Cross-functional business processes is a tool used to identify and analyze
    problems and opportunities. It displays all the workers that contribute to a process,
    even though they may work in different departments
    and apply different types and levels of skills.A business process or business method is a collection of related, structured activities or tasks that produce a specific service or product (serve a particular goal) for a particular customer or customers. It often can be visualized with a flowchart as a sequence of activities, for example like Milimewa, Servay and etc.

    2. Three of these processes has connection each other before making same product. The organisation has connection with information system when the firm needs resources to develop their products or make new products. Then the connection between information system and business processes we can see when the firm started to distribute the new products. Therefore, the firm used the information from information system to making the products.

    Nazmi Zulelwi Josit (KK1050060)

    ReplyDelete
  70. 1.Cross-functional process used to describe a group of employees who have different functions within the organization and who work together as a team to achieve an objective. The examples is marketing strategies and production invention.

    2. looking forward from the meaning of the cross-functional process, its shows that connection between organizations, information systems, and business processes is interdependent. these three need to combine in order to achieve the goals of organization. Organizations need IS in order to perform their business process. To illustrate this, the administration of one organization need IS to reduce time and cost. Because of that, it can help their business process to be more smooth.

    NMY (KK1160718)

    ReplyDelete